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POJ 2251 - Dungeon Master


0x00 POJ 原题

Description

You are trapped in a 3D dungeon and need to find the quickest way out! The dungeon is composed of unit cubes which may or may not be filled with rock. It takes one minute to move one unit north, south, east, west, up or down. You cannot move diagonally and the maze is surrounded by solid rock on all sides.

Is an escape possible? If yes, how long will it take?

Input

The input consists of a number of dungeons. Each dungeon description starts with a line containing three integers L, R and C (all limited to 30 in size).

L is the number of levels making up the dungeon.

R and C are the number of rows and columns making up the plan of each level.

Then there will follow L blocks of R lines each containing C characters. Each character describes one cell of the dungeon. A cell full of rock is indicated by a ‘#’ and empty cells are represented by a ‘.’. Your starting position is indicated by ‘S’ and the exit by the letter ‘E’. There’s a single blank line after each level. Input is terminated by three zeroes for L, R and C.

Output

Each maze generates one line of output. If it is possible to reach the exit, print a line of the form

Escaped in x minute(s).

where x is replaced by the shortest time it takes to escape.

If it is not possible to escape, print the line

Trapped!

Sample Input

3 4 5
S....
.###.
.##..
###.#

#####
#####
##.##
##...

#####
#####
#.###
####E

1 3 3
S##
#E#
###

0 0 0

Sample Output

Escaped in 11 minute(s).
Trapped!

Source

Ulm Local 1997

0x10 题目概述

给出一三维空间的地牢,要求求出由字符’S’到字符’E’的最短路径

移动方向可以是上,下,左,右,前,后,六个方向

每移动一次就耗费一分钟,要求输出最快的走出时间。
不同 L 层的地图,相同 RC 坐标处是连通的

0x20 解题思路

我越看这题就越觉得是 XX 地下城 ……

水题一道,求最短路问题,直接 BFS

开三维数组,每次搜索方向由二维的 4 个方向增加到 6 个,但是方法还是那个方法,没难度

注意: 如果三维数组恰好开到极限的 30*30*30 是会 RE 的,别替人家电脑省空间,想 AC 就开大点。

值得一提的是, 发现有些同学郁闷地用 DFS 解半天解不出来。。。。

这里就提示一下大家,凡是看到求最短路,用 DFS 一定很难做出来,一定要 BFS

0x30 AC 源码

//Memory Time 
// 784K  32MS 

#include<iostream>
using namespace std;

typedef class
{
    public:
        int l,r,c;
        int depth;  //树深(分钟)
}SE;

SE s,e;
bool maze[40][40][40];
int shortminute;

bool BFS(int k,int i,int j)
{
    bool vist[40][40][40]={false};

    SE queue[30000];
    int head,tail;
    queue[head=0].l=k;
    queue[tail=0].r=i;
    queue[0].c=j;
    queue[tail++].depth=1;

    vist[k][i][j]=true;

    while(head<tail)
    {
        SE x=queue[head++];

        if(x.l==e.l && x.r==e.r && x.c==e.c)
        {
            shortminute=x.depth;
            return true;
        }

        if(maze[x.l][x.r][x.c-1] && !vist[x.l][x.r][x.c-1])  //West
        {
            vist[x.l][x.r][x.c-1]=true;
            queue[tail].l=x.l;
            queue[tail].r=x.r;
            queue[tail].c=x.c-1;
            queue[tail++].depth=x.depth+1;
        }
        if(maze[x.l][x.r-1][x.c] && !vist[x.l][x.r-1][x.c])  //North
        {
            vist[x.l][x.r-1][x.c]=true;
            queue[tail].l=x.l;
            queue[tail].r=x.r-1;
            queue[tail].c=x.c;
            queue[tail++].depth=x.depth+1;
        }
        if(maze[x.l][x.r][x.c+1] && !vist[x.l][x.r][x.c+1])  //East
        {
            vist[x.l][x.r][x.c+1]=true;
            queue[tail].l=x.l;
            queue[tail].r=x.r;
            queue[tail].c=x.c+1;
            queue[tail++].depth=x.depth+1;
        }
        if(maze[x.l][x.r+1][x.c] && !vist[x.l][x.r+1][x.c])  //South
        {
            vist[x.l][x.r+1][x.c]=true;
            queue[tail].l=x.l;
            queue[tail].r=x.r+1;
            queue[tail].c=x.c;
            queue[tail++].depth=x.depth+1;
        }
        if(maze[x.l-1][x.r][x.c] && !vist[x.l-1][x.r][x.c])  //Up
        {
            vist[x.l-1][x.r][x.c]=true;
            queue[tail].l=x.l-1;
            queue[tail].r=x.r;
            queue[tail].c=x.c;
            queue[tail++].depth=x.depth+1;
        }
        if(maze[x.l+1][x.r][x.c] && !vist[x.l+1][x.r][x.c])  //Down
        {
            vist[x.l+1][x.r][x.c]=true;
            queue[tail].l=x.l+1;
            queue[tail].r=x.r;
            queue[tail].c=x.c;
            queue[tail++].depth=x.depth+1;
        }
    }
    return false;
}

int main(int i,int j,int k)
{
    int L,R,C;
    while(cin>>L>>R>>C)
    {
        if(!L && !R && !C)
            break;

        /*Initial*/

        memset(maze,false,sizeof(maze));

        /*Structure the Maze*/

        for(k=1;k<=L;k++)
            for(i=1;i<=R;i++)
                for(j=1;j<=C;j++)
                {
                    char temp;
                    cin>>temp;
                    if(temp=='.')
                        maze[k][i][j]=true;
                    if(temp=='S')
                    {
                        maze[k][i][j]=true;
                        s.l=k;
                        s.r=i;
                        s.c=j;
                    }
                    if(temp=='E')
                    {
                        maze[k][i][j]=true;
                        e.l=k;
                        e.r=i;
                        e.c=j;
                    }
                }

        /*Search the min Minute*/

        if(BFS(s.l,s.r,s.c))
            cout<<"Escaped in "<<shortminute-1<<" minute(s)."<<endl;
        else
            cout<<"Trapped!"<<endl;

    }
    return 0;
}

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